FINDING ANTI-FRAUD ATTITUDE IN MODERN KARTINI’S LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIA

DOI: 10.21532/apfjournal.v4i2.108 ABTRACT A leader should have capacity and important role in developing ethics in society. A qualified leader is the most valuable asset to the community. In this modern era, women are no longer always considered weak and having no right to run a leadership in society. The number of female leaders is increasing rapidly today. It is expected that the modern women in Indonesian truly fight for the rights of Indonesian women and can create female leaders who have high honesty and integrity. Unfortunately, data from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) shows that recently more and more women were caught redhanded committing fraud in the form of corruption. In fact, some female leaders also commit corruption, the most detrimental act of fraud. In conclusion, corruption turns out to be committed not only by male leaders but also by female leaders. Therefore, anti-corruption attitude should be instilled in female leaders by revitalizing R.A. Kartini’s positive attitude and character consisting of firm, honest, wise, and simple.


INTRODUCTION
A country or region cannot operate on its own without the presence of a leader who is able to influence and direct his people and run the government properly. A leader must have the capacity and important role in developing ethics in society. A leader is a role model for the community or group members he leads. One way that can be taken to improve the ethics of the community or group members he leads is to build an anti-fraud culture.
Ethics are important for the progress of a society. The progress of a society begins with the existence of strategic planning, good organization, transparent systems and procedures that are supported by a reliable culture of government, and governance ethics that are carried out consistently and consequently. All of them are ways that can reduce the cost of problems such as fraud and friction that may occur.
Based on population projection data by the Central Bureau of Statistics (hereinafter refered to Badan Pusat Statistik / BPS) in 2016, the female population of productive age (50-64) was 16.91 million, while the male population was only 16.9 million. This condition showed that the female population was bigger than the male population. This implies that there are opportunities for women to become leaders and pioneers of anti-fraud outbreaks in society. Therefore, the position of women as leaders in a leadership hierarchy can dominate and influence their surroundings.
Indonesian people, of course, still clearly remember the existence of several female leaders who have become the pioneers in government transparency and development in their respective regions, one of them is the City Mayor of Surabaya Tri Rismaharini. She has received many awards from both inside and outside the country. One of the awards she received was an anti-corruption award from the Bung Hatta Anti Corruption Award in 2015. This shows that she, in her way, has focused on regulating development in Surabaya as an effort to prevent fraud. By looking at this concrete example, the author feels the need for a more in-depth study of the role of modern Kartini who has integrity and anti-fraud principles.

Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background described above, the formulation of the problem can be drawn as follows: 1. What anti-fraud attitude can be found in modern Kartini's leadership in Indonesia?

Objective of the Study
Based on the formulation of the problem described, the objective of the study is to find out the influence of the role of women in the government system and to determine anti-fraud attitudes in the implementation of women's leadership in the Indonesian government.

Benefit of the Study
Based on the objectives of the study stated above, the benefit of this study is to increase knowledge, especially those related to antifraud and anti-fraud attitudes that can be found in women's leadership in Indonesia.

Definition of Fraud
Fraud has a very broad definition because there are several types of fraud. According to the Financial Supervisory Board (BPK), in general the elements of fraud are the elemnt of misrepresentation, the element of past or present, the element of facts material fact, the element of makeknowingly or recklessly, the element of intent to cause a party to act, the element of action toward misrepresentation, and the element of detriment. Based on the notion of fraud, it can be concluded that fraud is fraudulent acts carried out in such a way that benefit oneself, groups or other parties.

Definition of Corruption
In terms of terminology, the word "corruption" came from Latin word "corruptio" or according to Webster Student Dictionary "corruptus". Futhermore, it is stated that "corruptio" also came from the original word "corrumpere", an older Latin word. From Latin it went down to many languages in Europe like English: corruption, corrupt; France: corruption; and the Netherlands: corruptie (korruptie).
Literally, curruption is rottenness, ugliness, depravity, dishonesty, bribable, immoral, deviations from chastity, insulting or defamatory words as can be read in The Lexicon Webster Dictionary: "corruption (L. corruption (n -)) The Act of corrupting or the state of being corrupt; putrefactive, decomposition, putrid matter; moral perversion; depravity, perversion of integrity; corrupt or dishonest proceedings, bribery; perversion from a state of purity; debasement, as of a language; a debased form of a word ". According to Poerwadarmita in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Dictionary): "Korupsi ialah perbuatan yang buruk seperti penggelapan uang, penerimaan uang sogok dan sebagainya." (Corruption is a bad act such as embezzlement of money, receipt of bribes and so on.)

Kartini's Role
Raden Ajeng Kartini is the pioneer of women's emancipation in Indonesia. Learning from her experience as a woman who was confined to low self-esteem, young Kartini at that time rebelled. She wanted to advance indigenous women from a low social and economic position in order to obtain freedom, autonomy and equality of law as part of a broader movement. At first, she initiated from his interest in the advancement of European women's thinking which she knew from European books, newspapers and magazines. R.A. Kartini was a tough, simple, firm and principled woman.
In the end, R.A. Kartini tried to fight for the rights of Indonesian women for progress. She founded a free school for girls in Jepara and Rembang, Central Java. Therefore, woman emancipation developed in all corners of the country and today's women can enjoy the benefits. Due to the determination of R.A. Kartini, Indonesian women can feel the presence of gender equality where women can do work that is usually done by men, one example is being a leader.

Female Leaders, Fraud, and Corruption
Corruption is a reproach or disgrace for Indonesian people. Almost every day the mass media, both print and electronic, presents this case in a variety of levels. Even though everyone cannot accept corrupt practices, corruption even involves almost everyone. Corruption is committed not only by officials, businessmen and public or private employees, but also by people who are associated with social institutions and even religious institutions.
Corruption is committed whenever there is an opportunity. Modernization has an impact on the mindset, behaviour patterns, and behaviour in the community.
The women emancipation has continued to develop and been accepted in modern society. Many women give their role in the community and serve the country. In the 21st century, there have been many female leaders in the community. It is undeniable that some modern women who act as female leaders in fact have better capacity than male leaders.
In this modern era, women are no longer always considered weak and having no right to run a leadership in society. The number of female leaders is increasing rapidly today. One stimulates the other, and so on. However, it would certainly be better if the attitude of modern women is in accordance with the noble attitude of R.A. Kartini.
When linked to fraud and corruption, it is expected that with the great number of female leaders, this era will be clean from fraud, because the gender ideology clearly describes that women are less likely to commit fraud, especially in the form of corruption.
Unfortunately, data from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) shows that in this era more and more women were caught red-handed committing fraud in the form of corruption. In fact, some female leaders also commit corruption, the most detrimental act of fraud.
Data from the KPK in Integrito Magazine shows that from 2006 to 2016, more than 46 women were arrested in corruption cases by the KPK. Almost every year the number of female corruptors is getting increased. Women have become perpetrators of corruption, not as objects but as subjects. In 2006 there was one female perpetrator, in 2013 there were six perpetrators, in 2014 there were 4 perpetrators, and in 2015 there were 5 female perpetrators.
In 2016, there were 11 female perpetrators of corruption. The perpetrators of corruption came from various professions ranging from housewives, governors, regents, civil servants, businessmen, members of the House of Representatives, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and so on, but the majority has position and authority as a leader.

Case and Case Analysis
A female member of the House of Representatives, Angelina Sondakh, is a concrete example of a woman who held a certain position and authority. But then she misused the authority by committing fraud in the form of corruption. On February 3, 2012, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) named Angelina Sondakh as a corruption suspect at the athlete's house project in Palembang.
During the trial, it was revealed a bribery case of the athlete's house. As much as IDR 2,000,000,000 flowed to Angelina Sondakh and IDR 3,000,000,000 flowed to I Wayan Koster. The punishment was in accordance with Article 5 Paragraph (2) or Article 11 or Article 12 letter a of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crime. Among the 3 alternative articles, Article 12 letter contains the threat of the most severe punishment.
The involvement of Angelina Sondakh in corruption cases is one example of a woman who gets a doubly deviant, where she was punished not only because of her crime but also based on gender norms applied in society. This is due to the fact that the structure of Indonesian society is patriarchal, namely a community structure that legitimizes the form of power where men dominate women. Patriarchy is basically a social system that places men as the main authority figure. Therefore, female leaders who are no longer compartmentalized in the internalization of gender are the main focus of this paper.
Fraud is essentially behaviour of deception and abuse of authority. Fraud, which includes corruption, bribery and forgery of data, is negative behaviour and must be detected as early as possible. Fraud is very contrary to law and justice. In addition, fraud also harms the Indonesian people.
Although there are many female leaders who have committed corruption, some female leaders still get appreciation for their performance both at the district / city and provincial levels. One example of a female leader who can be a role model is Tri Rismaharini, a City Mayor of Surabaya for Period I (2010 to 2015) and Period II (2016 to 2021). The awards he has received include the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize, UN Global City, UNESCO Learning City, and ASEAN Tourism 2018. Based on the achievements obtained by Tri Rismaharini, it shows that as a female leader, she is required not only to be able to complete her duties and responsibilities, but also to have a strong determination, never give up spirit, high dedication to her community, and not be affected by corruption.
This analysis implies that fraud cannot be viewed from the gender of the leader. Fraud occurs because there is an opportunity and dishonesty of the leader, no matter male or female. Fraud in the form of corruption can only be prevented and eradicated if there is good ethics and honesty in leadership. In addition to good ethics and honesty, carefulness is needed to avoid the creation of seeds of fraud in society.

Female Leaders and Their Attitude
Kartini, in the frame of history, is a figure that has a huge influence on the emancipation of modern women today. Kartini is a hero and a symbol of the struggle of women in Indonesia, a visionary who is an inspiration and role model for women in achieving equal rights. Women deserve to get what Kartini fought for, to become a whole human being, a role model, because women are the madrasa al ulâ or the first school for their children which is nothing but the forerunner of the nation's successor.
It is unfortunate to see women in modern era who do not remember their fighter, R.A. Kartini. Their attitudes are much different from the exemplary attitudes of R.A. Kartini that is nothing but simple, forward-thinking and structured, and firm but still gentle. Kartini's simplicity is illustrated by how she behaves to others. Kartini respected anyone regardless of social class, religion, and background. She was a humanist and a noble, but she cared for the condition of her people who were limited by feudal barriers.
The modern women do not behave like Kartini. They live in social classes, focus on material, and look at other people from their social class. R.A. Kartini had a high spirit of nationalism. She fought for women's rights in her time because she did not want this nation to be backward. In contrast to this era, modern women rarely think about the progress of their nation. They are even compartmentalized in social classes and are not very concerned about the progress of their nation. This is what makes the modern women stuck in a deadlock and lost their common sense to justify fraudulent acts.
The spirit of nationalism and the noble attitude of R.A. Kartini are positive behaviours needed by modern-day women. This positive behaviour is expected to influence the attitudes of Indonesian women, especially female leaders. Thus, there will be no more fraudulent acts among the elite and Indonesian female leaders.

CONCLUSION
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that female leaders in fact also take part in committing fraud in the form of corruption in Indonesia. Anti-corruption attitude can be instilled in female leaders by revitalizing R.A. Kartini's positive attitude and character consisting of firm, honest, wise, and simple. By revitalizing R.A. Kartini's positive attitude and character, it is expected that the modern women in Indonesian truly fight for the rights of Indonesian women and can create female leaders who have high honesty and integrity.

Suggestion
Anti-fraud attitude needs to be introduced and socialized to every female leader, both in public and in private sectors. The anti-fraud socialization should be carried out at least every 6 (six) months with the aim of instilling an anti-fraud attitude to leaders, especially female leaders who are the object of this study. In addition, the aim is to shape a female leader who can be the spearhead of the realization of the R.A. Kartini's struggle. Thus, Indonesia can have the quality female leaders who are free from fraud.