THE WAY THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKS TO FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN KUPANG CITY IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF GENERATIONS X AND Y

DOI: 10.21532/apfjournal.v5i1.139 ABTRACT Generations Y and Z are the next generations of the Indonesian nation, including in the process of preventing and eradicating corruption. These two generations tend to have the same weaknesses, that is, the tendency to be apathetic towards the government and politics. This apathy can be an obstacle to eradicating corruption cases in the future when these generations occupy strategic positions. The aim of the study is to find out the views of generations Y and Z on the way the local government works to eradicate corruption cases in Kupang City. The researchers use a quantitative approach, with descriptive survey research methods. The research subjects are 78 Christians from the generation Y and Z who live in Kupang City. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling which is spread using the google forms (online) format. The results of the study show that generation Y and Z are sensitive to cases of corruption that are taking place in their domicile, Kupang City. Out of 78 subjects of generation Y and Z, the majority or 42 subjects answer that the level of corruption in Kupang City is at a severe level. Generation Z also looks more familiar with Nine anti-corruption values than generation Y. There are various solutions offered by generations Y and Z for regional leaders to overcome corruption in Kupang City. However, the solution to the campaign is still considered to be less effective in dealing with corruption for generation Y and Z. It is recommended that local governments see and use the opinions of generation Y and Z to improve themselves and the anti-corruption system and involve generation Y and Z to prevent, fight, and eradicate corruption cases actively both in real actions and in cyberspace (social media). Anticorruption behavior conveyed to generations Y and Z must be more attractive, modern, and in accordance with the characteristics of these two generations who have a dependency on cyberspace.


INTRODUCTION
Younger generation is the nation's next generation who will determine the progress and success of Indonesia in the future, including the field of corruption eradication. According to Widhiyaastuti & Ariawan (2018), young generation is the lowest layer of society consisting of children, adolescents, and young people aged from 0 to 30 years. The young generation is the backbone of a nation where there are hopes for a better future. The younger generation is very identical with change and even often becomes a motor for the change itself. Abraham Samad (in Widhiyaastuti & Ariawan, 2018) states that younger generation is a national asset. In the future they will occupy strategic positions, public positions and policy makers. He thinks that younger generation acts not only as the objects of eradication and prevention of corruption but also as the subjects who could contribute fully. Younger generation, with idealism and integrity, is the driving force of change.
Generation Y (millennial) and generation Z, as the main subjects in this study, are also included in the category of Indonesian young generation. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia (BPS) and the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KP3A) (2018), the percentage of the population of productive age was 67.02 percent of the total population. Furthermore, if the percentage of the population of productive age is associated with the percentage of millennial generation in 2017 which was 33.75 percent of the total population, this means that the contribution of millennial generation in forming the structure of the population of productive age is quite high, because around 50.36 percent of the population of productive age is basically a millennial generation (assuming: the dependency ratio of 2015 and 2017 is the same). As the largest population, of course millennial generation will play a major role in controlling the wheels of development, especially in the economic sector which is expected to be able to bring the Indonesian people towards more advanced and dynamic development. In essence, millennial generation is a big capital to realize the independence of the nation in all aspects. As a large capital for the development of a nation, it is hoped that the millennial generation has the potential to be superior to previous generations. According to the National Socio-Economic Survey (BPS, 2017), the number of millennials reaches 88 million people or 33.75 percent of the total population of Indonesia, and followed by the number of generation Z of around 29.23 percent. This proportion is greater than the proportion of the previous generation such as generation X (25.74 percent) and the baby boom + veteran generation (11.27 percent). Based on this data, the authors make it as reference in selecting research subjects that focus on generations Y and Z only.
Furthermore, the authors describe the criteria, strengths, and weaknesses of generations Y and Z. Based on the opinions of experts from various countries (in BPS & KP3A, 2018), determining who millennials are can be concluded that millennial generations are those who born between 1980 and 2000. Millennial generation is also referred to as Generation Y. Generation after millennial generation is called Generation Z who born from in the range from 2001 to 2010. Generation Z is a transition from Generation Y or millennial generation at a time when technology is developing rapidly. The mindset of Generation Z tends to be instant. From the educational aspect, generation Y also has a superior quality. This generation also has an interest in continuing education to a higher level. With these conditions, Indonesia should be optimistic about the various potentials of generation Y. An open, free, critical, and courageous mindset is a valuable asset. Mastering in the field of technology will certainly foster opportunities for innovation. In terms of mindset, generation Y is different from the previous generation. This generation was born and raised during the economic, political and social turmoil that hit Indonesia. The generation grew up to be individuals who are open minded, free, critical and courageous. This is also supported by the current condition of government which is more open and conducive.
Generation Z has similarities to generation Y, but generation Z is more able to apply all activities at one time (multitasking), such as running social media using a cell phone, browsing using PC, and listening to music using a headset. Since childhood, this generation has been familiar with technology and sophisticated gadgets that indirectly affect their personality. In fact, their technological capabilities seem innate. When platforms like Facebook and Twitter first came out, millennials and older generations used them without thinking about impact. Over time, they realize that expressing life totally in the public eye can easily haunt them. Generation Z has learned from these mistakes and chose a platform that is more privacy and not permanent. Generation Z is known to be more independent than the previous generation. They do not wait for parents to teach things or tell them how to make decisions. When translated into the workplace, this generation develops to choose to work and study alone (in Fitriyani, 2018).
Related to views on government and politics, these two generations have their own characteristics compared to previous generations. According to Juditha & Darmawan (2018), generation Y considers political topics as ordinary topics but still follows political news accessed from online and television media. Political participation of respondents also tends to be low, especially to become active members or supporters of political parties, participate in real demonstrations to support/reject government policies, and contact the government/politicians/ officials to fight for the interests of the community. Research conducted by Jak Pat App (in Juditha & Darmawan, 2018) with the title "Preferensi Politik Generasi Millennial" ("The Political Preference of Millennial Generation") shows that millennial generation (Y) views politics as power (26 8.75%), corruption (24 8.08%), dirty (21.07%), government (15.05%), and parties (11.37%). Their political apathy is very high, reaching 62.63%. They do not want to follow the latest political issues. Political apathy among the younger generations is still quite high because of their views that politics are identical with corruption and are dirty.
The sense of apathy experienced by the younger generation, including generations Y and Z, is also quite reasonable because they see and observe data from electronic and social media. From the Corruption Eradication Commission/KPK data (in Widhiyaastuti & Ariawan, 2018), it can be seen that the most corrupt agency is in the ministry with a total of 274 cases, followed by the Regency/Municipal Government agencies with a total of 181 cases, and provincial government agencies with a total of 99 cases and the House of Representatives, both central and regional, with 61 cases. Based on KPK data, the most corrupt profession and position are in private companies with 184 cases, followed by professions in the Echelon I / II / and III totaling 175 cases. Regarding bureaucratic corruption, the KPK data shows that bureaucracy remains vulnerable to corruption. Anytime, anywhere and anyone who works as a bureaucrat in institutions, such as ministries, municipalities/regencies, have the possibility to get involved in corruption.
According to Sandford and Haworth (2002), the increasing apathy towards the political climate forces the millennial generation to turn around away from politics. However, if we look at the expectations of the nation towards the next generation of young people, their participation in politics and government is expected to bring changes in the democratic system. Conversely, generation Y who is apathetic and does not care about politics and various government policies, will slow down the changes and developments in democracy. Therefore, active participation from younger generation is needed to develop this country. Through this research, the authors can see and get a description of the views, roles, and involvement of generations Y and Z on the issue of corruption and the way how the local governments work to fight aginst the corruption. The general objective of this study is to determine the views of generation Y and Z related to the way how the local government wrks to fight against corruption cases in Kupang City.
The specific purpose of this study is to find out the solutive actions offered and carried out by generations Y and Z to prevent and then eradicate corruption cases in the present and future.

METHODS
The research method used is quantitative research with a descriptive format in particular surveys. Kerlinger in Sugiyono (2018) states that survey method is the research conducted on large and small populations, but the data studied are data from samples taken from these populations to find relative events, distribution, and relationships between sociological and psychological variables. Meanwhile, according to Sugiyono (2018), survey method is used to obtain data that occurred in the past or at present, about beliefs, opinions, characteristics, behaviors, relationships, and variables to test several hypotheses about sociological and psychological variables from the samples taken from certain populations. This study uses cross sectional survey type to find out temporary issues by collecting data only once (Widodo, 2008).
According to Sugiyono (2018), data analysis is an activity conducted after data from all respondents have been collected. Data analysis is simplification of data in order to be easy to read and interpret. Activities in data analysis are grouping data based on variables and types of respondents, tabulating data based on variables and types of respondents, presenting data for each variable studied, doing calculations to answer the problem formulation, and doing calculations to test hypotheses that have been proposed. Descriptive analysis of survey results is often reported in the form of frequency and percentage tabulations. This descriptive statistic is a number that summarizes the data. According to Bungin (2014), processing research results with descriptive statistics is used in descriptive quantitative research with the aim to describe the state of social phenomena as they are, without looking at the relationships that exist. Meanwhile, analysis of research data using descriptive statistics is done to analyze and describe a group of data of research results that are not used in making conclusions (generalization). The data used is sample data, and the data is not intended to generalize the population. Descriptive statistics discusses the presentation of data in the form of frequency distribution tables, graphs, or in other forms that are not intended for generalization (Widiyanto, 2014).
The questionnaire used in this study is a questionnaire regarding the views of generations Y and Z about corruption cases in Kupang City. The subjects of this study are 78 people from generations Y and Z who live in Kupang City and are Protestant Christians.. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling which is spread using the Google forms (online) format. Stratified random sampling is a random sampling technique by first separating elements of the population into groups that are not overlapping. Heterogeneous members of the population are disaggregated into homogeneous sub-populations. The steps taken are identifying the total number of members of the population, determining the number of samples desired, separating the population according to their characteristics into subpopulations (strata), and selecting the sample randomly from each of these subpopulations (in Bungin, 2014).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on data obtained from 78 subjects, the researchers will present a table of the average opinions of the subjects and a table showing the views of generations Y and Z on the corruption case in Kupang. Table 1, above shows that there is a common understanding of corruption, that is, as an act to benefit oneself or group, both from generation Y of 59.37% and generation Z of 41.30%. Corruption is an abuse of power / position to obtain profits (generation Y = 34.37% and generation Z = 13.04%). Meanwhile, corruption is an act of misuse of state finances (generation Z = 26.08%). This percentage is greater than that of generation Y which is at 9.37%.
Based on information in table 2, it can be seen that the State Civil Apparatus has not implemented activities to fight against corruption in the workplace. This is seen from the answers of subjects from generation Z of 69.56% and generation Y of 56.25%. The answers of the subjects who stated that they have been implemented activities to fight against corruption are 12.5% (generation Y) and 17.39% (generation Z).
It can be from table 3, regarding  Source: Primary Data the efforts taken by regional leaders in combating corruption in the workplace, 93.75% of generation Y and 58.69% of generation Z answer that it is not yet optimal in combating corruption. This means that the regional government has not been maximized in handling corruption cases. While 49.99% of generation Y and 34.77% of generation Z answer that they have carried out a corruption eradication program. Table 4 above explains that the highest causes of corruption are a less stringent legal system which is answered by 25% of subjects from Generation Y and 17.39% of subjects from Generation Z, followed by dissatisfaction and greed factors answered by 12 % of subjects from generation Y and 13.04% of subjects from generation Z. While the factor of not fear of God is answered by 12.5% of subjects from generation Y and 10.86% of subjects from generation Z.
From the graph 1 above, it can be concluded that 42 subjects answer that the level of corruption in Kupang City is in severe conditions, 17 subjects answer very severe, 16 subjects answer normal, 2 subjects answer less severe, and 1 subject answer not severe.
Based on table 5, it can be seen that the government's action to overcome corruption is by reporting and punishing perpetrators (answered by 43.75% of the subjects from generation Y and 50% of the subjects from Generation Z), followed by budget transparency (25% of generation Y and 13.04 % of generation Z), by doing mental revolution (28.12% of generation Y and 15.21% of generation Z. While the examination and inspection to the government institutions (12.5% of generation Y and 15.21% of generation Z.
From table 6 above it can be concluded that based on the responses of Generation  There is no attitude of responsibility to serve 0 10.86 Source: Primary Data Y, the most anti-corruption education information source is obtained from electronic media ( 18.75%) while based on the responses of Generation Z, the most anti-corruption education information source is obtained from schools and campuses (50%). From table 7 above, it can be seen that subjects from generation Y and generation Z do not know about 9 anti-corruption values. This can be seen from the responses of subjects from generation Y (53.12%) and generation Z (28.26%). While the subjects who know 7-9 values of anti-corruption from generation Y are 31.25% smaller when compared with generation Z of 52.17%.

DISCUSSION
From the data collected, it is obtained an overview and results that both generation Y and generation Z understand that corruption is a negative and harmful act and beneficial to certain parties only (oneself / a group). There are some unique and interesting findings from the answers of the subjects. The first finding is that the majority of both generation Y and generation Z think that the state civil employees in Kupang City have not been able to prevent, fight and eradicate corruption cases that occur in the workplace. The third finding relates to the perspective of regional leaders in fighting corruption in the workplace which has more or less the same results as the second finding. However, generation Y seems more inclined to be more skeptical towards regional leaders than generation Z, who also thinks that leaders have not optimally eradicated corruption cases. This skepticism is supported by the fourth finding, in which the subjects consider that the cause of corruption cases is the lack of a strict legal system for corruptors.
Compared with the results of research conducted by Widhiyaastuti & Ariawan (2018), students as the young generation express their readiness to participate in preventing corruption but on the other hand they express their unpreparedness to reduce acts that could be categorized as the seeds of corruption. Students as the younger generation also express their unpreparedness in developing anti-corrupt behavior. This description indicates that students as the younger generation still do not realize their role as agents of change in the prevention of corruption. According to Gun Gun (in Juditha & Darmawan, 2018), to create a millennial generation Y who is more active in political participation needs a community-based approach.
It is necessary to build a community, not only on a physical basis but also on online basis. In addition, from the community there must be more concrete efforts and initiatives for discussion on social media, reconnected with reality. The reality here is to gather people to criticize public policy. In the perspective of political communication, what is done by millennials by initiating voluntary movements (both online and real communities) is an indication of their readiness as political actors. The form of political actors is as an activist, who bridges between the interests of the community and the candidates they are carrying, and to achieve a more honest, fair and transparent democratic process. Millennials, through their participation in politics, not only want change, but also hope to become agents of change on their own ways.
Of the 78 subjects from generation Y and Z, 42 subjects answer that the level of corruption in Kupang city is at a severe level. This shows that both generation Y and generation Z are sensitive to corruption cases happening in their domicile, in the city of Kupang. Data related to anti-corruption education information sources show that 18.75% of subjects from generation Y know from electronic media while 50% of subjects from generation Z know from school and campus. There is an interesting finding from the anti-corruption education information source, in which Generation Y considers that the workplace is a place that never discusses corruption prevention and anti-corruption education at all.
From this finding, it can be seen from the views of generation Y and Z that the cause of corruption cases is the environment and work culture (state civil apparatus and Regional Government) that are less transparent in discussing anticorruption, considering that corruption is a sensitive issue to be discussed at work, and less open to accept corruption prevention advice and input. According to the KPK advisor, Mohammad Tsani Annatari (in Permana, 2018), in his general lecture at ITB Bandung, corruption practices can be controlled with clear accountability. Power including discretion and monopoly also needs to be balanced by transparency and integrity to control and prevent corrupt behavior. The three main pillars of controlling corruption are integrity, accountability and transparency.
Things that need to be applied in the workplace to support the three pillars are the work culture adopted in a government agency. According to Pattipawae (2011), there are many people who have not realized that a work success is rooted in values which then become a habit in the behavior of people in carrying out work. The values that have become a habit are called culture. Because the culture is associated with the level of work quality, the culture is called work culture, both inside and outside the organization. Work Culture is a philosophy that is based on a view of life as values that become the nature, habits and driving forces, entrenched in the life of a community group or organization, then reflected from attitudes to behavior, beliefs, ideals, opinions and actions that manifest as "work" or "to work". Organizational Work Culture is management which includes the development, planning, production and service of a quality product in an optimal, economic and satisfying sense.
The next finding is that the majority of subjects from generation Y do not know the nine anti-corruption values in complete. However, the majority of generation Z knows completely the nine (9) anti-corruption values. The reason for the Generation Z understanding the nine (9) anti-corruption values more than the Generation Z is related to the findings about the anti-corruption education information sources obtained by generation Z from schools and campuses, because generation Z has received an anti-corruption curriculum at school and campus. What should be noted is whether this has been known in depth or not. KPK (in ACCH KPK, 2017;Simanjuntak, 2011) launched this anti-corruption education textbook containing basic teaching materials that could be developed in accordance with the conditions and needs of Higher Education. The active role of students is expected to be more focused on efforts to prevent corruption by building a culture of anticorruption in the community. Students are expected to play a role as agents of change and the driving force of the anti-corruption movement in the community. To be able to play an active role, students need to be equipped with sufficient knowledge about corruption and its eradication. No less important, to be able to play an active role students must be able to understand and apply anti-corruption values in everyday life.
Then, it is found that generation Z's understanding of the Bible is slightly better than generation Y's. Based on data from the Varkey Foundation (2017), 93% of subjects from generation Z in Indonesia consider that religion is a fairly important part. This research also proves the same thing that 30.43% of subjects from Generation Z clearly answer about the meaning of corruption and its relation to Christian teaching, while generation Y is at 28.12%. This reflects that Generation Z is quite concerned about the issue of corruption in its social environment and has a good cognitive understanding of the attitude of the Christian young generation towards acts of corruption.
Understanding Christian values in dealing with corruption is needed by generation Z, considering they are the next generation of the leadership in society and the church. As written in Psalm 127: 4 "Like arrows in the hands of heroes, so are children in youth." This verse describes that the pattern of coaching and education as the formation of the personality of young people must be one of the main focuses in preparing the next generation of the nation, so that this generation not only has intellectual intelligence, but is also equipped with spiritual intelligence in carrying out their duties and functions in the community. Thus, an understanding of the teaching of the Bible relating to corruption is not only limited to cognitive awareness, but is also lived as a divine truth that leads to inner awareness, so that the younger generation can prepares to enter the workforce by having self-integrity and trust.
To internalize the understanding of anti-corruption values from the view of Christianity in generations Y and Z, it is also necessary to pay attention to recommendations from the results of research conducted by Thoomaszen & Tameon (2018) that parents play a very important role. Corruption prevention measures that can be done by the parents of generations Y and Z are that the parents should consistently, continuously, and as early as possible involve children in family worship every day, because in the worship, the parents can provide understanding through the story of God's word relating to corruption, teach prayer, and instill the value of fear of God in children since childhood not to do the slightest act of corruption. Parents can teach children practical ways not to engage in corrupt behavior by not taking friends' belongings, not cheating in doing assignments, being honest in speaking, and simple living that can be seen from lifestyle. In addition, parents need to instill a diligent attitude, willingness to try, enjoy every difficult process, and work hard on the children so that there is no instant desire.
In connection with the solutions proposed by generations Y and Z for local leaders to overcome corruption in Kupang City, it is found that there is a priority order of proposals submitted. The first is the corruptors need to be reported and punished / fired. The second is a mental revolution / change from oneself. The third is in the form of budget transparency. And the fourth is in the form of inspection to the government agency. An interesting finding is the solutive action in the form of conducting a campaign which is still considered to have less effect to overcome corruption for generations Y and Z.

CONCLUSION
From the data, it can be concluded that generations Y and Z are sensitive to corruption cases happening in their domicile, Kupang City. It can be seen that of 78 subjects from generations Y and Z, 42 subjects answer that the level of corruption in Kupang city is at a severe level. Generation Z also looks more familiar with the nine (9) anti-corruption values than generation Y. There are various solutions proposed by generations Y and Z to regional leaders to overcome corruption in Kupang City, however, the solutive action in the form of conducting a campaign is still considered to have less effect to overcome corruption for generations Y and Z.
Generation Y seems to be more inclined to be skeptical of regional leaders than Generation Z, who also thinks that leaders have not been able to eradicate corruption optimally. Therefore, the way to reduce skepticism is that local governments need to see and use the opinions of generations Y and Z to improve themselves and anticorruption system. The government also needs to involve more generations Y and Z to actively prevent, fight and eradicate corruption cases both in real actions and in cyberspace (social media). Then, the preventive actions of corruption in generations Y and Z need to be considered. The actions should be more attractive, modern (unconventional), and in accordance with the characteristics of these two generations who have a dependency on cyberspace. In addition, based on data that generation Z's understanding of the Bible is slightly higher than that of generation Y, the prevention of corruption in this generation needs to collaborate with religious approaches.