INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE’S ANTI-CORRUPTION FUNCTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DOI: 10.21532/apfjournal.v5i2.158 ABTRACT Economic development relation with corruption and anti-corruption have been a long discussion. The research shall try to know about the works of anti-corruption function of the INP and its contribution to economic developpment. This research explores the works of the Directorate for Corruption Crime and how the works is connected to national economic development. Anti-corruption works of the INP are contributing to economic development through several ways. Firstly, the directorate does its main job in investigating corruption cases. Corruption case investigation has additional task on how on finding assets of prepetators as retribution of state loss caused by corruption. Secondly, the directorate is mandated as police unit which is advanced as free from corruption area sample within police force. Thirdly, the directorate is assigned as the part of INP integrity enforcer of the INP to investigate corrupt police officers. Number four, anti-corruption directorate is appointed to assist the Chief of INP in any of anti-corruption issue that need INP contribution on it, especially on prevention matter. However, the works,are not well supported by addequate infrastructures. By this understanding, actors who are involving on giving technical assistance for strengthening law enforcement agencies, hopefully, will contributte better toward contries’ anti-corruption measures through the improvement of their anti-corruption functions.


INTRODUCTION
Corruption is considered as obstacle of economic development (Otusanya, 2011;Otusanya, 2012;Aidt, 2009). Eventhough, in the contrary, sometimes, contextually, it is considered as the grease of economy (Xu,2016). Economic development can be seen from country's economic growth, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, price stability, low unemployement (Dornbusch et.all, 2011). In broader views, economic development, sometimes, is seen from from human and social development (Ranis, 2000;B.V and Rao, 2012). One of the broader perspective of economic development is that the lessening of poverty is considered as an indicator of success of economic development (Mehanna, 2004;Thornton et.all, 1978).
Corruption in the process of strategy making for economic development would be considered as the most valued cause of destruction of economic development (Chiodelli, 2018). The house representative members who conspire with government officials to create projects those are considered not important for society development can be considered as this kind of "strategy making corruption" (Joshua and Oni, 2014). They conspire with contractors that would take the projects in the field then creating margin for the public officials to assure that the projects would be allocated for them (Lambsdorff, 2000). However, voters, sometimes, in reality, accept and forgive corrupt officials (Klansja, 2017).
Corruption in the process of project implementation is also dangerous for society (Lehne et all, 2016;Hartley, 2009;Sieber, 2012). For example, the building of bridge that is not comply with standard, could create devasting consequence, when it falls. Not only, corruption that is taken from the government budget for financing the bridge, but also hazardous effect toward society as users of the bridge. Furthermore, when the bridge fall causes death tolls and injury of people.
Considering corruption is hindrance to society and hampering economic development, tt is thought that there shall be enforcement, monitoring and preventive meassures in area of planning and implementation of economic development (Hanf et.all, 2011;Osrecki, 2015;Breit, Lennerfors, and Olaison, 2015). To monitor the process and result of budget planning and implementation, it is essential of the existance of audit institutions in private and public sector (Jeppesen, 2018;Farooq and Shehata, 2018;Kassem and Higson, 2016), and anti-corruption function of a country to detect and deter any kind of corruption (Meagher, 2007;Doig and Norris, 2012;Mitchel et.all, 2014).
This research is addressing Indonesian National Police's anti-corruption function which is one of Indonesia's three anticorruption enforcement agencies (Setyawan, 2018). This study shall try to explore INP's anti-corruption works and analyze their relations with economic development (Omar and Kising, 2018;Ampratwum, 2008). By understanding the experience of people who work in anticorruption function, we can understand on how the function shall be strengthened to be effectivelly handling its roles (Tsai, 2011;Verburg et.all, 2017).
Economic development can be seen from several perspectives. I suggest that the most relevant and measurable economic development indicator would be economic growth. Economic growth can be counted by the growth of consumption, investment, government expenditure, and difference of export and import in a year.
Anti-corruption works contribution to economic growth is seen from the decrease of corruption that might happen in the future caused by dettering on corruption. The decrease of corruption would increase the possibility of projects to be delivered efficient and effectivelly. As the consequence, program for economic development of the government in the future year would result on best condition on delivering Government Expenditure factor of Economic Growth function.
One direct variable of anti-corruption work success for economic development would be the capability of the unit to successfully taking assets of prepetators and receivers of laundered corruption crime. By adding the amount taken from the process of investigation, it would add government budget for further economic year, as long it would be decided to be forfeited for the government, by the judges' decision, and later be executed by the prosecutors.
By prevention activities, corruption can be averted within economic year. As the consequence, Government Expenditure factor would be delivered effectivelly for its contribution to current Economic Growth. The research question is "how does Indonesia National Police's anti-corruption function contribute to Indonesia economic development?" Interviews are addressed toward subjects using open-deep questions concerning "anti-corruption function" and "economic development" concepts, their relations, problems of function, and steps they elaborate to optimize the function.

METHODS
Questions are brought by researcher inside the organization with participatory research method (Horowitz, Robinson an Seifer, 2009). Researchers are involving in the process of research subjects' activities, making strong relationship with them, and unveilling the deep knowledge and feeling of the subjects toward concept being scrutinized. Researcher strength is that researcher is the part of officers within anti-corruption directorate. Researcher relation with subjects is essential to unveil reality within officers minds despite questions whether the research will objectivelly achieved without statistic data in quantitative reserch.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Directorate of Corruption Crime consists of 90 persons that is spread as top managers, midle managers and operational officers. Directorate of Corruption Crime has operational function which is conducted by five subdirectorates. Director and Vice Director are supported by planning and administration sub division, operation sub division, finance unit and administration unit.
Operation sub directorates conduct criminal investigation as mandated by internal regulation. However, the subdirectorates also help director to do some "other" than investigation jobs such as complaint handling, prevention, strategic development, and others. As comparassion, those jobs, at CEC, are handled by specialist officers under different units. It means that, Directorate has lack resources on handling jobs other than investigation. As consequence, investigation is disturbed by other than investigation activites. Therefore, many cases have longer time to be handled.
Directorate consists of two top managers, which are the director and vice director; five chiefs of subdirectorates and members of the sub directorates; operation sub division officers; planning and administration sub division officers; finance officers; and administration officers. One other party of the directorate are persons that are not officers or part time job officers. The numbers of Investigators in Directorate Corruption Crime are 82 persons, all including the Director and senior officers. Total investigators of anticorruption within the Indonesian National Police are 2762 officers, including officers in the Directorate.
Economic development quantitatively measured from the amount of economic growth within an economic year. Economic growth is brought from the increase amount of consumer expenditure, investment, government expenditure, and difference of export ad import of goods and services. At least, there are four works of anti-corruption direcotrate that have impact on economic development.
First, the directorate does its main job in investigating corruption cases. investigation has impact on deterrence effect theory toward the prepetators and also potential prepetators in society. From the impact of the fear of potential offenders, there would be less corruption in the future years. However, the amount toward the reduce of future corruption can not be counted exactly. Corruption case investigation has additional task on how on finding assets of prepetators as retribution of state loss caused by corruption. The asset shall be used for future year of government expenditure as one factor of economic growth. However, the result of the work of police investigators shall be rely on the work of further criminal justice system, the prosecutors and judges. If the case were accepted and prosecuted by prosecutors and decided that assets that are being restrained and seized shall be confiscated for the beneficial of the state, then the assets would add the amount of assets of the state. Nevertheless, the assets for the interest of future government expenditure needs extra works on aucting and selling the assets to get liquid money for the finance minister budget plan.
Second, the directorate is mandated as police unit which is advanced as free from corruption area sample within police force. The directorate is as the forefront sample of integrity unit within the police force. Division, Inspectorate, Proffession and Safety Division. Integrity enforcement related to corruption prevention. This working group is assigned on developing anti-corruption prevention measures within the police force. If there is corruption allegation then it shall be investigated further by the inspectorate as special inspection process. After the special inspection process, if there is an indication of corruption then the case will be delivered to the directorate to be investigated for prosecution purpose. In addition, the directorate is involved in the process of development integrity and corruption prevention system within the police force, instead only on criminal investigation task.
These two measures, the investigation and prevention, shall be for assure that police officers future works would be free from corruption, as the result of deterrence effect of the investigation and preventive actions. By the less corrupt police works, it will result on better economic development since the work of the police on crime prevention and repression would effectivelly create national integrity system within the society. As the consequence, the consumption, investment, government expenditure, and export/import activities will be less on economic cost, so that it will push economic growth better.
Fourth, the directorate is also assigned by the Chief of the INP to conduct prevention measurement needed by government and bussiness organizations. For example, there are many requests from some organizations toward the INP to help develop prevention measures in their agencies. The directorate is assisting the Chief of the INP on handling the process of prevention toward the agencies. This work is the part of national corruption prevention methods that is performed by Corruption Eradication Commission (CEC/ KPK), Board of Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP). The result of the works of the agencies and the INP is the more resilient the society and organizations from corruption. As consequence, the more effective organization on handling its function on delivering public service, and other government expenditure mandated to the agencies.
Although the amount of works those are given to the direcotrate, there are inadequate resource allocated for the  Externally, the Directorate works in supervising regional and district anticorruption units on doing their anticorruption functions, doing investigation, cooperating with other parties in prevent and deter corruption, and preventing corruption of the ministries, departments, and local governments. The development of anti-corruption function shall be the focus of INP and government to be successfully addressing the success of economic develpment in Indonesia. The inadequate resources is major problem for INP's anti-corruption function to work effectivelly. Giving addequate resources shall be executed to make anti-corruption function an ideal working unit.
Anti-corruption function shall be built to be an effective organization (Doig and Norris, 2012;Asamoah and Ofosu Mensah, 2018). Anti-corruption function consists of persons who are working within the function. If persons working for anti-corruption function are effective, they will be able to cope with their environment, change it, if necessary, to enable them achieving their goals (Habtoor, 2016, Martinsons andChong, 1999). To make persons on anti-corruption work effectivelly, we need to know their understanding of their goals, process, environment, and supporting factors for their works. By knowing their current understanding and capabilities, we will be able to give recommendation or assistance for them to achieve their goals as workers of anti-corruption function (Berkman et.all, 2008).
Knowledge is the center of action (Laszlo and Laszlo, 2002;Plessis, 2007).
If someone knows what their works are for and their connections to context, they will feel that they are important for their own life from their contribution to their assumed context. Consequently, they will be strongly supporting organization vision and missions (Abdallah et.all, 2017;Rizwan, Khan, and Saboor, 2011). People working in anti-corruption area shall not be disconnected from the context of their function principles. some of the essences that shall be understood are 1) the relation between anti-corruption function and economic development, 2) some feasible ways to make anti-corruption function effective (Holbeche, 2018;Ho, 2008), and 3)treating anti-corruption officers career in organization (Lyria, Namusonge, Karanja, 2012).
Human centric development shall be used for INP's anti-corruption development, such as the allignment of career development and the work of anticorruption function officers. If officers career of anti-corruption function is given attention by leaders of police organization, it will give the success of anti-corruption function on executing its roles as the part of police strategy.

CONCLUSION
Economic development has relation to effectiveness of anti-corruption measures. Anti-corruption measures, among other, is conducted by anti-corruption function of law enforcement agencies. One of anticorruption function is established within INP, The Corruption Crime Directorate. The directorate has four works that have impact on economic devopment, which are corruption investigation, internal police investigation, internal police prevention, and as the part of natinal corruption prevention measure. To support economic development, strengthening anti-corruption function of the INP is essential. Strengthening anti-corruption function of INP shall be made through deployement of addequate human resource so that all sub-functions of anti-corruption function would be managed effectivelly. Career management of officers working in anticorruption function is important to attract talent in anti-corruption function, and also motivate workers to do their best in anti-corruption function. External entities can help INP's anti-corruption function througheducation. Giving chance on higher education for INP's officers working in this function would be benefit for agency development. It would enriching perspective of officers so they would be able on developing best relevant strategies for addressing corruption and enhanching organization capacity on handling corruption.