EARNINGS FRAUD AND FINANCIAL STABILITY

Authors

  • Ahmad Abbas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21532/apfj.001.17.02.01.010

Keywords:

Earning Frauds, Financial Stability, Financial Distress.

Abstract

Earnings can be the goal for firms which desire to commit financial fraud. This study is propounded to show fraudulent earnings reporting and its relationship with the company’s financial stability. The samples used in this study are manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2010-2013. The data consisting of financial statements are processed using descriptive statistics, and the hypotheses are tested using logistic regression. The results of this study reveal that 22 financial statements are indicated earnings fraud. Of all the financial statements, 68 percent suffers from financial distress. This study shows that the firms with the improved financial stability tend to restrain themselves from committing earnings fraud. This study also finds that the firms which experience financial distress have a greater incentive to commit the fraud.

References

Abdullahi, R, N. Mansor, dan M.S. Nuhu. (2015). Fraud Triangle Theory and Fraud Diamond Theory: Understanding the Convergent and Divergent for Future Research. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(28): 30-37.

Ahmed, T dan J. Naima. (2016). Detection and Analysis of Probable Earnings Manipulation by Firms in a Developing Country.Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 9(1):59-81. Albrect, S. K. Howe, dan M. Romney. (1984). Deterring Fraud: the Internal Auditor’s Perspective. Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation, 1-42.

Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial Ratios, Discriminat Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23 (4): 589-609.

Anh, N.H,dan N.H. Linh. (2016). The Using the M-score Model in Detecting Earnings Management: Evidence from Non-Financial Vietnamese Listed Companies. Journal of Science: Economics and Business, 32 (2):14-23.

Arshad, R, S.M. Iqbal, dan N. Omar. (2015). Prediction of Business Failure and Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Evidence from Malaysia. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 8(1):34-53

Beasley, M.S. (1996). An Empirical Analysis of the Relation between the Board of Director Composition and Financial Statement Fraud.The Accounting Review, 7(4):443-465.

Bell, T., S. Szykowny, dan J. Willingham. (1991). Assessing the Likelihood of Fraudulent Financial Reporting: a Cascaded Logit Approach. Working Paper, KPMG Peat Marwick.

Beneish, M.D. (1999). The Detection of Earnings Manipualtion. Financial Analyst Journal, 24-26.

__________, C. M.C. Lee, dan D.C. Nicholas. (2013). Earnings Manipulation and Expected Returns. Financial Analyst

Journal, 69(2): 57-82.

Chan, K, L.K.C, Chan, N. Jegadeesh, dan J.Lakonishok. (2006). Eranings Qualityand Stock Returns. Journal of Business,

(3):1041-1082

Chouhan, V, B. Chandra, dan S. Goswani.(2014). Predicting Financial Stabilityof Select BSE Companies Revisiting

Altman Z-Score. International Letters ofSocial and Humanistic Sciences, 26: 92-105.

Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other People’s Money:a Study in the Social Psychology ofEmbezzlement. Glencoe, Illinois: the FreePress.

Dalnial, H., A. Kamaluddin, Z.M Sanusi, danK. S. Khairuddin. (2014). FraudulentFinancial Reporting through FinancialStatement Analysis. Journal of AdvancedManagement Science, 2(1):17-22.

Dichev, I, J. R, Graham, C.R, Harvey, danS. Rajgopal. (2013). Earnings Quality:Evidence from the Field. Journal of

Accounting and Economics, 56(2-3):1-33.

___________________________________

______. (2016). The Misrepresentationof Earnings. Financial Analyst Journal,72(1):22-35.Dorminey, J., A. S. Flemming, M. Kranacher,

dan R.A. Riley. (2012). The Evolutionof Fraud Theory. Issues in AccountingEducation, 27(2): 555-579. Halioui, K dan C. Chellouf. (2013). TheDeterminants of Fraudulent Financial

Reporting: An Empirical Study in FrenchCompanies. Paper presented in Brawijaya International Conference on Accountingand Business (BICAB).

Isa, T. (2011). Impacts and Losses Caused bythe Fraudulent and Manipulated Financial Information on Economic Decisions.

Review of International Comparative Management, 12(5):929-939.

Kassem, R dan A, Higson. (2012). The New Fraud Triangle Model. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3): 191-195.

Kur, R, K. Sharma, dan A. Khanna. (2014). Detecting Earnings Management in India. A-Sector Wise Study. European Journal

of Business and Management, 6(11):11-18.

Larson, C dan R.J, Resutek. (2011). How Does Earnings Quality Affect the Equity Market? An Alternative Measure and a New Perspective. Paper presented in Accounting Seminars, Columbia

Business School.

Mahama, M. (2015). Detecting Corporate Fraud and Financial Distress Using the Altman and Beneish Models: the Case

of Enron Corp. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(1):1-18

Mardiana, Ana. (2015). Effect Ownership, Accountant Public Office, and Financial Distress to the Public Company Financial Fraudulent Reporting in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(2):109-115.

Mavengere, K. (2015). Predicting Corporate Bankruptcy and warnings Manipulation Using the Altman Z-Score and Beneish M-Score: the Case of Manufacturing Firm in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 4(10):8-14.

Nugraha, N. D.A, dan D. Henny. (2015). Pendeteksian Laporan Keuangan melalui Faktor Resiko. Tekanan, dan Peluang (Berdasarkan Press Release OJK 2008-2012). e-Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 2(1) :29-48.

Oktaviani, E, G. Karyawati, dan N. Arsyad. (2014). Factors Affecting Financial Statement Fraud: Fraud Triangle Approach. 3rd Economics & Business Research Festival, 1939-1955.

Omar, N., R.K, Koya, Z. M, Sanuzi, dan N. A, Shafie. (2014). Financial Statement Fraud: A Case Examination Using Beneish Model and Ratio Analysis. International Journal of Trade, Economics, and Finance, 5(2):184-186.

Ozcan, A. (2016). Firm Characteristics and Accounting Fraud: A Multivariate Approach. Journal of Accounting, Finance, and Auditing Studies, 2(2):128-144.

Paolone, F dan C, Magazzino. (2014). Earnings Manipulation among the Main Industrial Sectors: Evidence from Italy.

EconomiaAziendale Online, 5(4):253-261.

Persons, O.S. (1995). Using Financial Statement Data to Identify Factors Associated with Fraudulent Fianancial Reporting. Journal of Applied Business Research, 11(3): 38-46.

Puspatrisnanti, T dan Fitriany. (2014). Analisis Hubungan Manajemen Laba dan Fraud dalam Laporan Keuangan. Makalah pada Simposium Akuntansi Nasional XVII.

Putra, A.D dan Fitriany. (2015). Fraud Triangle (Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization) and the Level of Accounting Irregularities in Indonesia. Makalah pada Simposium Akuntansi Nasional XVIII.

Ratmono, D, Y Avrie, dan A, Purwanto. (2014). Dapatkan Teori Fraud Triangle menjelaskan Kecurangan dalam Laporan Keuangan. Makalah pada Simposium Akuntansi Nasional XVII.

Rezaee, Z. (2005). Causes, Consequences, and Deterence of Financial Statement Fraud. Critical Perspective on Accounting, 16: 277-298

Roxas, M. L. (2011). Financial Statement Fraud Detection Using Ratio and Digital Analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(4):56-66.

Scott, W.R. (2009). Financial Accounting Theory, Fifth Edition. Pearson Education, Toronto, Canada. Skousen, C.J, K. R, Smith, dan C.J, Wright.

(2009). Detecting and Predicting Financial Statement Fraud: the Effectiveness of the Fraud Traingle and SAS No. 99. Advances

in Financial Economics, 13:53-81.

Sukirman, dan S, P. Maylia. (2013). ModelDeteksi Kecurangan Berbasis Fraud Triangle (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan

Publik di Indonesia). Jurnal Akuntansidan Auditing, 9(2):199-225.

Suyanto. (2009). Fraudulent FinancialStatements: Evidence from Statementon Auditing Standard No. 99. Gadjah

Mada International Journal of Business,11(1):117-144.

Tiffani, L dan Marfuah. (2015). Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud dengan Analisis Fraud Triangle pada Perusahaan

Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Makalah pada Simposium AkuntansiXVIII.

Vlad, M, M. Tulvinschi, dan I. Chirita. (2011). The Consequences of Fraudulent Financial Reporting. TheUSV Annals ofEconomics and Public Administration, 11(1):264-268. Vona, L.W. (2008). Fraud Risk Assessment:Building a Fraud Audit Programme. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Warshavsky,M.S. (2012). Analyzing Earnings Quality as a Financiak Forensic Tool.

Financial Valuation and Litigation Expert Journal, 39:16-20. ______.(2015).Forensic Tools & Techniques. Paper Presented to Marryland Association of CPAs, http://macpamedia.

o r g / m e d i a / d o w n l o a d s / 2 0 1 5 F V S /

Warshavsky_PPT1pp.pdf, accessed June 20, 2016.

Wolfe, D.T, dan D.R. Hermanson. (2004). The Fraud Diamond: Considering the Four Elements of Fraud. The CPA Journal, 38-

Downloads

Published

2017-06-02

How to Cite

Abbas, A. (2017). EARNINGS FRAUD AND FINANCIAL STABILITY. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, 2(1), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfj.001.17.02.01.010